Nitrogen
balance from cash crop farms (2002) |
Denmark
2002
|
The
Danish aquatic environment plan focuses on reducing nitrogen discharge
to the aquatic environment. Farming is one of the major contributors
to this discharge, which is why it is useful to have an overview of
the nitrogen balance and emissions in Danish farming. The data presented
here refers to the Nitrogen use and losses in different types of Danish
cash crop farms in 2002.The different farm types are set according
to soil type and major enterprise
and they can be seen here. For
process description, data collection and treatment etc. please look
at the processes for each farm type (here).
For more details on the Nitrogen balance method see here.
The
Nitrogen balance data is
presented
in three tables:
Table
1. Characteristics of area, land use and yields
per hectare for full time cash crop farm types in Denmark year 2002
Table
2. Farm gate N-turnover
and -loss at cash crop farms
in Denmark year
2002
Table
3. Field level N-turnover at cash
crop farms in Denmark year
2002
Table
1. Characteristics
of area, land use and yields
per hectare for full time cash crop farm types in Denmark year 2002
(average by farm)
Soil
type1)
|
Sandy
loam |
Sand |
Farm
type
|
Sugar
beet |
Seed |
Cereal |
Org. |
Rest |
Potatoes |
Cereal |
Org. |
Rest |
Representativity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number
of farms in data set |
96 |
66 |
68 |
49 |
38 |
25 |
67 |
128 |
90 |
Area
represented by farm type [1000ha] |
177 |
156 |
171 |
17 |
40 |
44 |
175 |
60 |
94 |
Herd
data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dairy
per farm [cows farm-1] |
7 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
LSU2)
per farm [LSU farm-1] |
35 |
35 |
4 |
8 |
66 |
48 |
3 |
15 |
87 |
Area
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
farm area [ha farm-1] |
93 |
118 |
76 |
29 |
41 |
111 |
95 |
44 |
45 |
Crop
rotation [%
of farm area] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Permanent
grass |
1 |
1 |
2 |
6 |
6 |
2 |
1 |
7 |
11 |
Set-aside
|
7 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
73 |
8 |
11 |
10 |
7 |
Cereal
for harvest |
62 |
62 |
75 |
52 |
60 |
48 |
74 |
46 |
46 |
Maize/whole
crop silage |
2 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
13 |
3 |
1 |
14 |
17 |
Grass/clover
in rotation |
1 |
1 |
1 |
11 |
10 |
2 |
1 |
15 |
14 |
Production |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cereal
yield [100 kg ha-1] |
70 |
67 |
65 |
34 |
57 |
55 |
56 |
32 |
52 |
Peas
[100 kg ha-1] |
42 |
41 |
47 |
33 |
38 |
41 |
37 |
25 |
24 |
Rape[100
kg ha-1] |
29 |
29 |
26 |
47 |
30 |
25 |
24 |
5 |
28 |
Potatoes
[100 kg ha-1] |
300 |
221 |
231 |
109 |
0 |
273 |
206 |
160 |
185 |
Sugar
beet [100 kg ha-1] |
96 |
88 |
85 |
0 |
80 |
65 |
84 |
95 |
53 |
Grass
seed [100 kg ha-1] |
9 |
11 |
10 |
9 |
10 |
8 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
Clover
seed [100 kg ha-1] |
4 |
5 |
6 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Milk
yield [kg ECM cow-1 yr-1] |
7804 |
7426 |
0 |
0 |
8027 |
8150 |
0 |
0 |
7577 |
1)
Sandy loam > 5 % clay, sand < 5 % clay
2)
Livestock units (LSU), DK definition: 1 LSU = 100 kg total N in
manure ex stable, 0.85 LSU=1 dairy cow on 8,500 l milk year-1 |
Table
2. Farm gate N-turnover and -loss at cash
crop farms in Denmark year
2002
(kg
N ha-1 year-1)
Soil
type
|
Sandy
loam |
Sand |
Farm
type
|
Sugar
beet |
Seed |
Cereal |
Org. |
Rest |
Potatoes |
Cereal |
Org. |
Rest |
Inputs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mineral
fertiliser |
99 |
102 |
124 |
0 |
81 |
93 |
94 |
0 |
54 |
Organic
fert. & live stock1) |
8 |
9 |
12 |
29 |
10 |
34 |
28 |
43 |
11 |
Supplement
feed |
27 |
23 |
2 |
14 |
167 |
30 |
0 |
20 |
246 |
Biological
N-fixation |
4 |
4 |
6 |
37 |
12 |
3 |
4 |
45 |
16 |
Deposition
and precipitation |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
Total
input |
153 |
154 |
160 |
97 |
286 |
176 |
143 |
124 |
344 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outputs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Milk |
-3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-13 |
-1 |
0 |
0 |
-18 |
Meat |
-16 |
-19 |
-1 |
-8 |
-74 |
-24 |
-1 |
-14 |
-115 |
Cash
crops |
-77 |
-61 |
-89 |
-27 |
-19 |
-42 |
-71 |
-20 |
-12 |
Straw1) |
-3 |
-5 |
-5 |
0 |
0 |
-3 |
-6 |
0 |
0 |
Total
output |
-99 |
-85 |
-94 |
-35 |
-107 |
-70 |
-78 |
-35 |
-145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Farm
gate N-balance |
54 |
69 |
66 |
62 |
179 |
106 |
65 |
89 |
199 |
N
loss, stable and storage2) |
-6 |
-5 |
-1 |
-4 |
-25 |
-7 |
0 |
-5 |
-38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Field
N balance |
48 |
63 |
65 |
58 |
150 |
98 |
65 |
83 |
155 |
Field
N-efficiency3) |
69% |
59% |
60% |
45% |
40% |
46% |
55% |
39% |
41% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N
loss, field |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fertilisation,
manure spreading2) |
-6 |
-6 |
-5 |
-5 |
-15 |
-9 |
-5 |
-7 |
-15 |
Crops2) |
-5 |
-5 |
-5 |
-2 |
-4 |
-5 |
-5 |
-2 |
-4 |
Denitrification2) |
-13 |
-12 |
-12 |
-16 |
-26 |
-5 |
-4 |
-9 |
-9 |
Soil-N
change2) |
2 |
1 |
-1 |
-10 |
3 |
10 |
-4 |
1 |
14 |
Leaching4) |
-22 |
-39 |
-45 |
-45 |
-103 |
-69 |
-55 |
-64 |
-115 |
1)
Net
import = import-export of manure, straw and living animals
2)
Calculated standard ammonia emission and denitrification
3)
N-efficiency = 100 * output/input
4)
Leaching = field N balance - N aerial loss (fertilization + crops
+ denitrification) +/- soil-N changes
|
Table
3. Field level N-turnover at cash
crop farms in Denmark year
2002
(kg
N ha-1 year-1)
Soil
type
|
Sandy
loam |
Sand |
Farm
type
|
Sugar
beet |
Seed |
Cereal |
Org. |
Rest |
Potatoes |
Cereal |
Org. |
Rest |
Inputs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mineral
fertiliser |
99 |
102 |
124 |
0 |
81 |
93 |
94 |
0 |
56 |
Imported
organic fertiliser |
5 |
5 |
12 |
29 |
0 |
28 |
28 |
41 |
0 |
Manure
from own herd1) |
33 |
25 |
5 |
22 |
143 |
41 |
3 |
35 |
177 |
Biological
N-fixation |
4 |
4 |
6 |
37 |
12 |
3 |
4 |
45 |
16 |
Deposition
and precipitation |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
Total
input |
156 |
152 |
163 |
104 |
252 |
181 |
146 |
137 |
263 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outputs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
crops |
-27 |
-12 |
-7 |
-3 |
-4 |
-21 |
-4 |
-1 |
-2 |
Grain |
-50 |
-49 |
-82 |
-24 |
-16 |
-21 |
-67 |
-20 |
-10 |
Grain
for feed2) |
-20 |
-20 |
-1 |
-9 |
-38 |
-27 |
0 |
-8 |
-29 |
Straw
harvested |
-13 |
-18 |
-15 |
-8 |
-11 |
-10 |
-14 |
-6 |
-8 |
Straw
mulched3) (Not in output) |
-9 |
-13 |
-10 |
-7 |
-1 |
-4 |
-8 |
-3 |
0 |
Roughage
for feed2) |
-7 |
-3 |
-3 |
-10 |
-43 |
-8 |
-3 |
-23 |
-60 |
Roughage
not utilized by own herd (Not in output) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-1 |
Total
output |
-108 |
-89 |
-98 |
-47 |
-101 |
-83 |
-81 |
-54 |
-109 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Field
N balance |
48 |
63 |
65 |
58 |
150 |
98 |
65 |
83 |
155 |
Field
N-efficiency4) |
69% |
59% |
60% |
45% |
40% |
46% |
55% |
39% |
41% |
1)
After deduction of
ammonia loss in stables, storage and sold manure, see farm gate
balance
2)
Feed
used in own herd
3)
Straw
left on field, not included in balance but used in soil-N modeling
4)
N-efficiency = 100 * output/input
|
Administrative
information
Data
URL: http://www.lcafood.dk/processes/agriculture/N_balance_cash_crop_farms.html
Version no.:
1.00
Author: Ib Sillebak
Kristensen, Danish
Institute of Agricultural Science.
Data responsible: Ib Sillebak Kristensen, DIAS
Contact:
Data
entry: Transformed into this format by Rikke Frederiksen, DIAS
Data completed: HTML
format: November 2004.
|