Flour is a white or brown powder that is made by grinding grain. It is used to make bread, cakes and pastry. Oat flakes is a cereal used mostly for breakfast. Process description
The
present data refer to flour production in Cerealia
Mills,
Denmark in 2001 where the main
production processes
are following: 1) grain delivered from farms by trucks or ships are cleared
of impurities and stored in silos, 2) the grains are moistened with freshwater
3) the moist grains are grinded at different kinds of rolls, 4) the product
of grinding (flour
and residues
such as bran) of different qualities are sorted and ascorbic acid is eventually
added
5) the products
are controlled, packed and stored before distribution to the market.
Bran
is used for food and feed products.
The
technology is
modern with a high degree of automation. Wastewater
generated during cleaning processes is diverted to municipal wastewater
treatment. Data collection and treatmentData on energy and water consumption are in the same order of magnitude for all products produced at the mill and extracted as an average representing all products from the factory’s environmental management system.
Data on product and bi-product production as well as ascorbic acid consumption are estimated based on production statistics for Cerealia Mills, Denmark, in the period 1992-2002.
Technical scopeProduction processes from receipt of grains to delivery at the factory's gate as well as administration are included. Data on energy and water include administration from other units in the organization and data on water and energy consumption may be sligtly overestimated.
Fungicides and insecticides applied in the factory are not included. Packaging and wastewater generation are not included.
|
Inputs | Unit | Wheat flour | Rye flour | Oat flakes | |
Grain | kg | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Water | l | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Natural gas | kWh | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Electricity | kWh | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 | |
Ascorbic acid | mg | 40 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Outputs | Flour | kg | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
Bran etc. | kg | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | |
Solid waste | kg | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
Location in database: Material/Food from industry/From backery and mill/ |
Data URL: http://www.lcafood.dk/processes/industry/flourproduction.html
Version
no.: 1.00
Authors:
Anne Merete Nielsen and Per H. Nielsen, 2.-O
LCA consultants.
Data entry:
Data have been entered in this format by Anne Merete Nielsen and Per H.
Nielsen.
Data completed:
July 2003.
References
Personal communication with Charlotte Feldvoss, Cerealia Mills.