Flour
and oat flakes (Mel og havregryn)
Oat
flakes are produced by rolling oat and flours
are
produced
by
milling
grains.
The main
processes influenced by
flour
and oat flakes demand
are shown in the figure below,
exemplified by wheat flour ex mill.
Figure
1: Market based product chain
diagram for wheat flour production covering the most important processes
in terms of contribution to global warming. Boxes refer to
production processes. Names of grey boxes refer to the main product
of the processes. Red arrows represent material or energy transfer
between two processes; green arrows represent saved material or energy
transfer as a result of displacements; green lines represent displacements
and red lines represent avoided displacemements.
Further details can be found in the LCA
model. |
Bran is
generated as by-products during the milling
proces.
Bran is in excess in the market and excess bran serves as a component in
animal feed. It
has been assumed
(Landbrugets
rådgivningscenter, 2000)
that
one
kg bran displaces
one kg
spring barley
and bran has been eliminated by system
expansion,
explaining the green lines and arrows.
The table
below shows
the
potential
environmental
impacts associated with
various types of flours as well as oat flakes
ex mill and ex retail.
Wheat flour
Impact category |
Unit |
Ex mill |
Ex
retail |
Conventional |
Organic |
Conventional |
Organic |
Global warming |
g CO2-eq. |
1010 |
|
1130 |
|
Acidification |
g SO2-eq. |
6.5 |
|
6.9 |
|
Nutrient enrichment |
g NO3-eq. |
83 |
|
84 |
|
Photochemical smog |
g ethene eq. |
0.23 |
|
0.34 |
|
Land use |
m2 year |
1.4 |
|
1.4 |
|
Location
in database: Material/Food
from industry/Bakery and mill/ and Material/Food from supermarket/Others/ |
Rye flour
Impact category |
Unit |
Ex mill |
Ex
retail |
Conventional |
Organic |
Conventional |
Organic |
Global warming |
g CO2-eq. |
980 |
|
1000 |
|
Acidification |
g SO2-eq. |
6.4 |
|
6.8 |
|
Nutrient enrichment |
g NO3-eq. |
72 |
|
73 |
|
Photochemical
smog |
g ethene eq. |
0.28 |
|
0.39 |
|
Land use |
m2 year |
2.0 |
|
2.0 |
|
Location
in database: Material/Food
from industry/Bakery and mill/ and Material/Food from supermarket/Others/ |
Oat flakes
Impact category |
Unit |
Ex mill |
Ex
retail |
Conventional |
Organic |
Conventional |
Organic |
Global warming |
g CO2-eq. |
660 |
|
790 |
|
Acidification |
g SO2-eq. |
6.5 |
|
6.96 |
|
Nutrient enrichment |
g NO3-eq. |
17 |
|
17 |
|
Photochemical smog |
g ethene eq. |
0.30 |
|
0.40 |
|
Land use |
m2 year |
2.5 |
|
2.5 |
|
Location
in database: Material/Food
from industry/Bakery and mill/ and Material/Food from supermarket/Others/ |
References
Landbrugets
rådgivningscenter (2000). Tal fra Fodermiddeltabellen, Raport nr. 91. In
Danish. |